POST-TRAINING REPORT

MSPO MS 2751:2022 CHAIN OF CUSTODY (CoC) LEAD AUDITOR TRAINING

Training Information

Item	Details
Training Programme	MSPO MS 2751:2022 Chain of Custody (CoC) Lead Auditor Training
Training Date	22–24 April 2026
Training Type	Public Training
Delivery Mode	Online via Zoom
Training Provider	OSHISIS Solution PLT
Trainer	Daman Huri Mohammad
Total Participants	15 persons
MSPO Observer	Ms. Ainaa
Training Outline Reference	http://osh-isis.com/outline/tp109.pdf

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1. Training Overview

The MSPO MS 2751:2022 Chain of Custody (CoC) Lead Auditor Training was successfully conducted from 22 to 24 April 2026 through the Zoom online platform.

This programme represented the first batch of the newly certified MSPO CoC Biomass Lead Auditor Training programme organised by OSHISIS Solution PLT. The programme was developed to support implementation and auditing of the MS 2751:2022 Chain of Custody of Oil Palm Biomass requirements.

The majority of participants were personnel from certification bodies and freelance auditors who intended to strengthen their competency in assessing biomass chain-of-custody systems. The programme was witnessed by an MSPO representative, Ms. Ainaa, as recorded in the official training summary.

The programme was designed to develop participant competency in:

• understanding the structure and requirements of MS 2751:2022;
• interpreting biomass chain-of-custody requirements;
• understanding Segregation and Mass Balance traceability models;
• evaluating material accounting systems;
• calculating MSPO-certified output;
• reviewing sustainable share and conversion factors;
• assessing input, output, stock, and claim records;
• evaluating outsourced activities and contractors;
• verifying traceability and record-retention controls;
• conducting CoC audit planning, evidence collection, and reporting; and
• evaluating conformity, nonconformity, and corrective actions.

Exercises and guided calculations were provided throughout the programme so that participants could apply the requirements using realistic operational and audit scenarios.

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2. Participant Attendance

A total of 15 participants attended and successfully completed the programme.

No.	Participant Name
1	Mohamad Amirul Saifullah Bin Mohamad Senan
2	Fahmi Bin Othman
3	Zulkifli Bin Kamarol Zaman
4	Mohamed Hidhir Bin Zainal Abidin
5	Farrah Sahanim Binti Paduka
6	Nor Halis Bin Abu Zar
7	Mazliah Binti Jimran
8	Nor Faizah Binti Azizan
9	Ahmad Rufi Bin Abu Talib Khan
10	Raja Mamat Bin Raja Ibrahim
11	Hafriazhar Bin Mohd. Mokhtar
12	Valence Shem
13	Nor’Adhlin Sofia Binti Razali
14	Tey Kock Kien
15	Tuan Norhaslinda Binti Tuan Man

The official programme summary confirms that all participants completed the training, passed the assessment, and were recommended for the awarding of the Certificate of Achievement.

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3. Training Delivery Methodology

The programme was delivered using an interactive, application-based, and auditor-focused learning methodology.

a) Structured Online Presentation

The trainer delivered structured presentations explaining the requirements of MS 2751:2022 and their application within biomass processing, handling, storage, transportation, outsourcing, and trading operations.

Particular attention was given to the relationship between physical material flow and administrative accounting records.

b) Clause Interpretation

Participants were guided through the relevant requirements relating to:

• traceability systems;
• management responsibilities;
• supplier and customer records;
• product identification;
• traceability models;
• accounting systems;
• outsourced activities;
• claims;
• legal compliance;
• documentation; and
• record retention.

The uploaded standard extract identifies the key traceability requirements, including supplier identification, conversion factors, production records, traceability models, accounting systems, sales records, and retention of records for at least three years.

c) Guided Practical Exercises

Practical exercises were provided so that participants could apply the requirements under trainer guidance.

The exercises included:

• mapping biomass inputs and outputs;
• selecting the appropriate traceability model;
• calculating conversion factors;
• calculating MSPO-certified output;
• reviewing Mass Balance ledgers;
• identifying potential overdraw situations;
• reviewing unused credits;
• evaluating outsourced contractor controls;
• assessing traceability records;
• verifying market claims; and
• preparing audit findings.

d) Certified Output Calculation

Participants practised a two-step calculation method:

1. determine the conversion factor; and
2. calculate the MSPO-certified output.

The material also emphasised that calculations must be sequential, certified output cannot exceed the eligible certified input, and only one accounting system should be applied consistently.

e) Traceability Model Exercises

Participants compared the two principal traceability models:

Segregation

• Certified biomass must be physically separated from non-certified biomass.
• Certified biomass from different MSPO-certified sources may be mixed.
• The final output must remain traceable to certified sources.

Mass Balance

• Certified and non-certified biomass may be physically mixed.
• Claims are controlled through administrative reconciliation.
• The model operates at the individual site level.
• Output claims cannot exceed eligible certified input.

The training guide clearly distinguishes the physical control of Segregation from the administrative reconciliation required under Mass Balance.

f) Accounting-System Exercises

Participants were introduced to:

• continuous accounting; and
• fixed inventory periods.

The fixed inventory period was limited to a maximum of three months. Participants also reviewed the treatment of unused credits and the requirement to forfeit credits after 12 months or four consecutive inventory periods.

g) Audit Simulation and Discussion

Audit-related exercises were used to develop competency in:

• preparing audit questions;
• following material audit trails;
• evaluating objective evidence;
• identifying inconsistencies in volume records;
• reviewing supplier and customer documentation;
• verifying outsourced activities;
• classifying audit findings; and
• preparing nonconformity statements.

h) Question-and-Answer Sessions

Open question-and-answer sessions were conducted throughout the programme to clarify technical requirements, calculation methods, certification evidence, traceability claims, and audit interpretation.

i) Formal Assessment

A formal assessment was conducted at the end of the programme to evaluate participant understanding and achievement of the intended learning outcomes.

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4. Training Evaluation Summary

A total of 12 participants completed the training evaluation, representing an 80% response rate.

Evaluation Summary

Evaluation Indicator	Result
Total Participants	15
Evaluation Responses	12
Response Rate	80.0%
Training Content Rating	4.72 / 5.00
Organisation and Learning Environment	4.78 / 5.00
Trainer Performance	4.82 / 5.00
Overall Average Rating	4.77 / 5.00
Overall Satisfaction Percentage	95.4%
Ratings of 4 or 5	93.9%
Maximum Rating of 5	83.3%
Ratings of 1 or 2	0
Negative Feedback	None recorded

The evaluation results demonstrate a very high level of participant satisfaction with the programme.

Training Content

The training-content category achieved an average rating of 4.72 out of 5.00. Participants positively rated:

• clarity of the course content;
• relevance of the learning outcomes;
• usefulness of the course materials;
• suitability of the programme duration;
• applicability of the knowledge gained; and
• confidence in applying the training to audit activities.

Organisation and Learning Environment

The organisation and learning-environment category achieved an average rating of 4.78 out of 5.00.

Participants generally agreed that:

• the programme was properly organised;
• communication and coordination were effective;
• the online environment supported learning;
• access to the training materials was adequate; and
• the programme structure supported participant engagement.

Trainer Performance

Trainer performance achieved the highest category rating at 4.82 out of 5.00.

Participants particularly appreciated:

• the trainer’s subject-matter knowledge;
• awareness of current MSPO CoC developments;
• use of technology;
• interactive delivery;
• practical explanation of technical calculations;
• use of operational examples; and
• ability to maintain participant engagement.

Overall, 93.9% of all ratings were either 4 or 5, while 83.3% received the maximum score of 5. No negative ratings of 1 or 2 were recorded.

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5. Participant Understanding Assessment

All 15 participants successfully completed and passed the formal assessment.

Assessment Summary

Assessment Indicator	Result
Participants Assessed	15
Participants Passed	15
Pass Rate	100%
Highest Score	99%
Lowest Score	95%
Average Score	96.67%
Certificate Recommendation	All participants recommended

Individual Assessment Results

No.	Participant Name	Result	Status
1	Mohamad Amirul Saifullah Bin Mohamad Senan	98%	Passed
2	Fahmi Bin Othman	99%	Passed
3	Zulkifli Bin Kamarol Zaman	99%	Passed
4	Mohamed Hidhir Bin Zainal Abidin	96%	Passed
5	Farrah Sahanim Binti Paduka	98%	Passed
6	Nor Halis Bin Abu Zar	95%	Passed
7	Mazliah Binti Jimran	95%	Passed
8	Nor Faizah Binti Azizan	99%	Passed
9	Ahmad Rufi Bin Abu Talib Khan	95%	Passed
10	Raja Mamat Bin Raja Ibrahim	95%	Passed
11	Hafriazhar Bin Mohd. Mokhtar	95%	Passed
12	Valence Shem	98%	Passed
13	Nor’Adhlin Sofia Binti Razali	98%	Passed
14	Tey Kock Kien	95%	Passed
15	Tuan Norhaslinda Binti Tuan Man	95%	Passed

The official assessment summary confirms the participant results and certificate recommendation.

The assessment results indicate that participants successfully understood:

• MS 2751:2022 structure and requirements;
• Chain of Custody principles;
• biomass traceability systems;
• Segregation and Mass Balance models;
• continuous and fixed inventory accounting;
• conversion-factor calculations;
• calculation of certified output;
• unused-credit management;
• outsourcing requirements;
• market claims;
• record-retention requirements;
• audit evidence;
• findings management; and
• corrective action follow-up.

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6. Trainer Observation

The trainer observed that participants demonstrated strong technical interest and active engagement throughout the three-day programme.

The participant profile, comprising mainly certification-body personnel and freelance auditors, contributed to detailed technical discussions involving:

• interpretation of MS 2751:2022;
• material-flow audit trails;
• calculation of certified output;
• site-level Mass Balance controls;
• continuous and fixed inventory systems;
• overdraw risks;
• unused-credit management;
• outsourced activities;
• market claims;
• certification evidence; and
• classification of findings.

Participants were generally able to distinguish between:

• physical traceability and administrative accounting;
• Segregation and Mass Balance;
• input volume and certified output;
• conversion factors and sustainable share;
• continuous accounting and fixed inventory periods;
• valid claims and potential overclaiming; and
• procedural weaknesses and confirmed nonconformities.

The trainer observed that calculation exercises were especially useful in strengthening participant confidence. The visual training materials helped participants follow the relationship between certified inputs, other inputs, total output, conversion factor, and eligible certified output.

The high average assessment score of 96.67% demonstrates a strong level of participant understanding.

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7. Summary of Improvement Suggestions

Based on participant feedback and trainer observations, the following improvement opportunities were identified:

1. Include additional worked examples involving different biomass products.
2. Provide more complex Mass Balance calculation exercises.
3. Include exercises involving multiple conversion stages.
4. Provide additional scenarios on unused-credit carry-over and forfeiture.
5. Expand audit simulations involving suspected overclaiming.
6. Include more examples of incomplete traceability documentation.
7. Provide sample templates for material accounting and reconciliation.
8. Include additional examples involving outsourced storage, processing, and transportation.
9. Provide more examples of major and minor nonconformities under MS 2751:2022.
10. Continue using visual diagrams to explain physical flow and administrative accounting.

These suggestions represent opportunities to enhance future sessions and do not indicate dissatisfaction with the programme.

No negative feedback was recorded.

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8. Recommendations for Future Training

Recommendation 1: Maintain Calculation-Based Exercises

Future programmes should continue using calculation exercises covering:

• conversion factors;
• certified output;
• production yields;
• Mass Balance reconciliation;
• stock carry-over;
• unused credits; and
• output claims.

Recommendation 2: Expand Audit Simulations

Participants should complete a full audit simulation covering:

• opening meeting;
• audit planning;
• document review;
• material-flow inspection;
• reconciliation testing;
• interviews;
• findings preparation;
• closing meeting; and
• audit-report preparation.

Recommendation 3: Provide Practical Audit Tools

Participants should receive sample templates for:

• audit plans;
• audit checklists;
• supplier verification;
• input-output reconciliation;
• stock monitoring;
• conversion-factor control;
• delivery-record verification;
• outsourcing control;
• nonconformity reporting; and
• corrective-action review.

Recommendation 4: Include More Sector-Specific Examples

Future training should include operational examples involving:

• palm kernel shell;
• empty fruit bunch;
• palm fibre;
• palm trunk;
• palm frond;
• biomass pellets;
• biochar;
• biomass traders;
• storage facilities; and
• processing facilities.

Recommendation 5: Maintain MSPO Witnessing and Technical Engagement

As this was the first batch of the newly certified programme, continued Scheme Owner observation or technical feedback would support consistency and continual improvement of future training delivery.

Recommendation 6: Conduct Refresher Training

Refresher programmes should be considered when MS 2751:2022 guidance, Scheme Owner procedures, traceability systems, or certification requirements are revised.

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9. Conclusion

The MSPO MS 2751:2022 Chain of Custody (CoC) Lead Auditor Training conducted from 22 to 24 April 2026 through the Zoom online platform was successfully completed with the participation of 15 persons.

The programme was significant as the first batch of the newly certified MSPO CoC Biomass Lead Auditor programme organised by OSHISIS Solution PLT. The majority of participants were certification-body personnel and freelance auditors, and the programme was witnessed by MSPO.

The training covered:

• MS 2751:2022 requirements;
• biomass Chain of Custody principles;
• traceability;
• Segregation;
• Mass Balance;
• accounting systems;
• conversion-factor calculation;
• certified-output calculation;
• unused-credit management;
• outsourcing;
• claims;
• documentation;
• audit planning;
• evidence evaluation; and
• findings management.

The uploaded traceability materials demonstrate that compliance requires simultaneous control of physical biomass flows and administrative accounting records. They also explain the distinction between Segregation and Mass Balance, continuous and fixed accounting, and the management of unused credits.

All 15 participants passed the formal assessment, achieving scores between 95% and 99%, with an overall average score of 96.67%. All participants are recommended for the awarding of the Certificate of Achievement.

The participant evaluation recorded an overall average rating of 4.77 out of 5.00, equivalent to 95.4%. Trainer performance achieved the highest rating at 4.82, followed by programme organisation and learning environment at 4.78, and training content at 4.72.

No negative ratings of 1 or 2 and no negative feedback were recorded.

Based on participant attendance, assessment performance, evaluation results, trainer observations, MSPO witnessing, and the programme evidence, the training is considered successfully delivered and effective in achieving its intended learning outcomes.

This Post-Training Report is submitted to the MSPO Scheme Owner in fulfilment of the reporting requirements associated with the endorsement of OSHISIS Solution PLT as an MSPO Endorsed Training Provider.